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Pediococcus acidilactici
''Pediococcus acidilactici'' is a species of Gram-positive cocci that is often found in pairs or tetrads. ''P. acidilactici'' is a homofermentative bacterium that can grow in a wide range of pH, temperature, and osmotic pressure, therefore being able to colonize the digestive tract.〔Klaenhammer T.R. 1993. Genetics of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 12 :39S-85S〕 It has emerged as a potential probiotic that has shown promising results in animal and human experiments, though some of the results are limited. They are commonly found in fermented vegetables, fermented dairy products, and meat.〔Barros R.R., Carvalho G.S., Peralta J.M., Facklam R.R., Teixeira L.M. 2001. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Pediococcus strains isolated from human clinical sources. J. Clin Microbiol. April;39(4): 1241–1246.〕
''Pediococcus acidilactici'' is a facultative anaerobe that grows well on deMann, Rogosa, Sharpe agar of an optimum pH of 6.2, with an overnight incubation at 37 and 45°C. It is also viable at higher temperatures up to 65°C.〔Lin J.J. 2006. Probiotics as alternative Biomedicines for pets with digestive disorders〕
This species is also acidophilic, viable at very low pH. The probiotic ''P. acidilactici'' is a facultative anaerobe with lesser sensitivity to oxygen. Pediococci exert antagonism against other microorganisms, including enteric pathogens, primarily through the production of lactic acid and secretion of bacteriocins known as pediocins.〔Daeschel M.A., Klaenhaemmer T.R. 1985. Association of a 13.6-megadalton plasmid in ''Pediococcus pentosaceus'' with bacteriocin activity. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50: 1538S-1541S〕
==Potential benefits==
''P. acidilactici'' has a wide range of potential benefits which are still being studied. Though it is being used as probiotic supplements in treating constipation, diarrhea, relieving stress, and enhancing immune response among birds and small animals, human trials are still limited. ''P. acidilactici'' is also known to prevent colonization of the small intestine by pathogens such as ''Shigella'' spp., ''Salmonella''spp., ''Clostridium difficile'', and ''Escherichia coli'' among small animals.
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